// Strength Calculators

Squat 1RM Calculator

Tell it the set you squatted and how far down you went. The depth decides whether the number that comes back can be compared to anything.

Your details

Your result

Estimated parallel squat 1RM
91.7kg
Working weight for 5 reps
80kg
90% (3 reps)
82.5kg
80% (8 reps)
73.3kg
70% (12 reps)
64.2kg
  • The common gym standard. Comparable to your own previous numbers as long as the depth genuinely stayed the same.
  • Averaged from the Epley and Brzycki formulas. Most accurate at 1–8 reps.

Estimates are for general guidance only and are not medical advice. For a personalised plan, book a free guided tour at RPM Gym.

What your result means

The headline arrives with a depth attached — estimated below-parallel squat 1RM, or parallel, or partial-depth. Read the label as part of the number. A squat max with no depth on it is a claim rather than a measurement, and it cannot be set against your own figure from six weeks ago.

Reps left in reserve are added to the rep count before either equation runs, so five with two still in the tank is estimated as a set of seven. Squatters tend to round that down. A loaded bar on your back feels final well before the set actually is, and the reserve field is where that gets corrected.

The working weight for your chosen rep target inherits the same depth. That matters more than it sounds: estimate from a partial and then programme full-depth squats off it, and every working set for the next month is heavier than the arithmetic intended, with nothing on screen to show it.

The 90 / 80 / 70% rows sit underneath at 3, 8 and 12 reps. How to spread percentages across a training block is the general 1RM calculator's subject. What this page is for is making sure one fixed, defined number goes into them.

How it is calculated

Epley and Brzycki averaged, with reps in reserve folded into the rep count and the depth recorded on the label

Effective reps = reps entered + reps left in reserve. Epley: 1RM = weight × (1 + effective reps ÷ 30). Brzycki: 1RM = weight × 36 ÷ (37 − effective reps). The estimate is the mean of the two. Working weight for N reps = mean of (estimate ÷ (1 + N ÷ 30)) and (estimate × (37 − N) ÷ 36) — the same average, inverted, so the working weight and the estimate cannot disagree. Depth is applied to the label only. No coefficient anywhere in the calculation depends on it.

What it assumes

  • Every rep in the set reached the depth you selected, not just the first one. Squat sets lose centimetres as they go, and a set that opens below parallel and closes high is the ordinary way an estimate grows without any strength being added to it.
  • Depth names the measurement, it does not correct it. Nothing here converts a box squat into a below-parallel one, because the size of that gap depends on how high you stopped and on your own leverages, and no published figure covers it. A number invented for this page would be worse than the honest silence.
  • The mathematics is the general 1RM tool's mathematics, applied without a squat-specific tweak. How the two equations behave, and the rep range where they still agree, belong to that page. What this one adds sits in front of the arithmetic rather than inside it.
  • The set sat where you will put the next one. Squats are the first heavy thing in most sessions and everything after them stands on the same legs, so a top set squeezed in at the end of a session answers a different question from one taken at the start.

Units and rounding

  • Weight in kilograms; the estimate and every load derived from it come back in kilograms.
  • Reps and reps in reserve are whole numbers, and they are summed before either equation runs.
  • Depth is a label, not a multiplier. Changing it changes the wording of the result and the note beneath it, never the figure.

Worked example

A below-parallel squat, filmed from the side: 140 kg for 5, with one rep honestly still there.

  1. Reserve first: 5 reps + 1 in reserve = 6 effective reps
  2. Epley: 140 × (1 + 6 ÷ 30) = 140 × 1.2 = 168.0 kg
  3. Brzycki: 140 × 36 ÷ (37 − 6) = 140 × 36 ÷ 31 = 162.6 kg
  4. Average: (168.0 + 162.6) ÷ 2 = 165.3 kg, labelled as a below-parallel squat 1RM
  5. Working weight for 5 reps: mean of (165.3 ÷ 1.1667) and (165.3 × 32 ÷ 36) = 144.3 kg
  6. 90% = 148.8 kg · 80% = 132.2 kg · 70% = 115.7 kg

About 165.3 kg below parallel, and those last two words are half the answer. Stop a hand's width higher on the next test and you'll get more bar to move and a larger figure on screen, none of it new strength. That is why the depth goes in the logbook beside the load rather than staying in your head.

Limitations

  • It records depth, it does not translate between depths. There is no percentage on this page that turns a quarter squat into a competition squat, and anyone offering you one has made it up.
  • It can't see your hips. Depth is the single input you have every reason to grade generously, and no calculator can audit it — a phone propped on the floor, filming from the side at hip height, settles the argument in one set.
  • Bar position, stance and footwear stay outside the calculation. High bar and low bar, flat shoes and raised heels, narrow and wide all change what you can hold at a given depth, so an estimate carried over from a setup you have since abandoned describes a lift you no longer perform.
  • Where the set fell in the session is invisible to the tool, and on this lift that gap is wider than it is on a press: everything you did before your squats was carried by the same legs. Test in the same slot each time or the trend you are reading is mostly scheduling.
  • An estimate is not clearance to attempt the single. A squat you can't stand up with has to go somewhere — pins set at the right height, or a bar you have practised dumping. Decide that before the attempt, not underneath it.
  • Depth your hips or ankles won't currently give you is a movement question rather than a loading one, and pain in the lift is a reason to talk to a coach or a physiotherapist rather than to re-run the numbers.

What to do next

  • Choose one depth and stay on it for the whole block. Parallel is the workable default in most gyms; below parallel is the more conservative figure and the one that still means something outside your own logbook.
  • Film the test set side-on with the camera at hip height. One clip tells you whether the depth you just recorded is the depth you actually hit, and it costs nothing.
  • Retest in the same slot: same day of the week, same warm-up, same position in the session. The estimate is only as comparable as the conditions wrapped around it.
  • If the working weight for fives feels heavier than the number promised, suspect the depth before you suspect the equations. Nine times in ten the test set was shallower than the sets you have been programming.

Sources

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// Frequently Asked

Questions, answered.

How deep does a squat have to be before it counts?

Two answers, and you should know which one you are using. The common gym standard is parallel: the top of the thigh level with the floor at the bottom. Competition is judged lower — the International Powerlifting Federation's technical rules define depth by the hip crease passing below the top of the knee, and missing it is a disqualification rather than a deduction. This tool does not choose for you. It asks which one you did and writes it onto the result.

I squat to a box. Which depth should I select?

Above parallel or to a box, unless the box genuinely puts your hip crease below your knee. The box height is the measurement, so record it — 45 cm and 50 cm are two different lifts and they will give you two different estimates. Compare box work to box work at the same height and nothing else.

How much more can I squat if I stop above parallel?

More, and there is no percentage anyone can hand you. It depends on how much higher you stop, on your limb proportions and on where your own sticking point sits, and no published figure spans that. This is why the page labels the depth instead of pretending to convert it.

Why does this page ask about depth instead of using a squat-specific equation?

Because depth is where a squat max actually goes wrong. A squat correction factor would have to be invented, and it would fix a problem the estimate does not have — on this lift the equations are not the weak link, the standard is. Two squat maxes taken at two depths are not a precision problem. They are different measurements wearing the same name.

My squat estimate dropped this month but I feel stronger. What happened?

On this lift the usual explanation is that your depth improved. Sinking two centimetres lower shortens nothing and adds a genuinely harder position, so the bar you can hold there is lighter and the estimate follows it down. That is a better squat producing a smaller number, which is exactly why the depth is recorded on the label.

High bar or low bar — is that one squat number or two?

Two, in practice, and the tool won't separate them for you because it only labels depth. Keep the bar position in your own notes next to the depth and the load. If you switch positions mid-block, treat the first estimate under the new setup as a fresh baseline rather than a fall.

Parallel is an opinion until somebody is standing side-on.

A coach who can see your hip crease is worth more here than another equation — the strength floor in Al Manhal is where you find out which of your squat numbers is the real one. Book a free guided tour.

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